Video of Israeli soldier's killing of Palestinian attacker fuels debate

Almost everything about the shooting of Abdul Fatah al-Sharif made it a very modern moment of news.
There was the time and the place.
It occurred on the edge of the Jewish sector of the divided city of Hebron in the Israeli-occupied West Bank - a kind of crucible of the troubles here, where so many of the stabbings and shootings in the latest wave of violence have happened.
There was the way it was captured on video by a Palestinian working for B'Tselem, an Israeli human rights organisation.
There was the way it has been viewed repeatedly on the internet, dissected and debated, testimony to the ability of those with strong opinions to see what they want to see.
And above all there is the way in which social media reaction is feeding directly into the political debate around the shooting and the legal question of what happens next to the soldier who fired the fatal shot.

'Out of order'

The grim truth about life on the occupied West Bank is that there is nothing particularly unusual about how the video starts.
You see Israeli soldiers milling around and ambulances manoeuvring in the aftermath of an attack.
Two Palestinians have tried to stab Israeli soldiers and have been shot - the body of one, in a short black jacket, is lying somewhere near the middle of the frame.
At one point his head appears to move but none of the soldiers is paying him much attention - at some point before the human rights activist started filming it is believed that one of the soldiers had turned the body of the Palestinian over and kicked away a knife.
Still from video of shootingImage copyrightBtselem
Image captionThe controversial killing was filmed by a Palestinian volunteer for an Israeli human rights group
This description of what happens next comes from a slightly unusual source.
"... When the company commander is standing 70cm [28in] from the neutralised terrorist, who the platoon commander already turned over... and kicked the knife a few metres away to the side, the company medic decides that there is a movement and a risk - there were a few versions. He hands his helmet to his friend, cocks his rifle at a 45 degrees angle, shoots the terrorist in the head and kills him."
They are the words of the Chief of Staff of the Israel Defense Forces, Lt Gen Gadi Eisenkot, speaking in a briefing at an army base that was leaked to Israeli media.
A senior spokesman for the IDF, Col Peter Lerner, has been even more emphatic.
"It was quite clear from the outset that there was something out of order there," he told the BBC. "So from our perspective this is definitely a breach of IDF conduct and they [the local commanders] reported it as such."
Col Lerner also pointed out that on 170 occasions where Palestinian attackers have been shot and injured in the latest wave of unrest, IDF medics have treated the attacker in the aftermath of the incident.

Sympathies for soldier

Israelis are brought up to believe that theirs is the most moral army in the world and Gen Eisenkot has left no room for doubt about how he views this incident in the light of that belief.
"The shooting," he said in the leaked briefing, "was in contradiction of the professional and moral norm expected from an IDF soldier."
The soldier who fired the shot - a 19-year-old paramedic - has been confined to barracks.
Accused Israeli soldier (right) leaves military courtroom after hearing (06/04/16)Image copyrightReuters
Image captionThe military has doubted the soldier's claim that he feared the attacker was wearing a bomb vest
Interestingly, though, this appears to be an issue on which the army is out of step with Israeli society.
Alternative footage from the scene has emerged on social media sites suggesting that at least some of the people present believed that the young Palestinian should be checked by explosives experts to make sure he was not wearing a suicide bomb belt.
In one opinion poll, only 5% of those questioned thought the soldier's actions amounted to murder - and more than 80% expressed at least some degree of support.
There are some Israelis who see B'Tselem as the villain of the piece - a view that does not surprise Sarit Michaeli, who speaks for the group.
"I don't lose any sleep over being called a traitor," she told me. "What I do lose sleep over is whether we've done enough every day to expose the harms of the occupation... We're in the run-up to the 50th year of military control over the Palestinian people... this is the meaning of occupation."

Popular pressure

The reaction of right-wing politicians has been interesting.
Defence Minister Moshe Yaalon, who is generally considered a hardliner on issues of national security, has sided with his military commanders.
But others like the former Foreign Minister, Avigdor Lieberman, appear to have scented an opportunity - he turned up at an early court hearing to support the soldier.
And Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu appears to have been wrong-footed on the issue - first appearing to take the view that this was a breach of IDF values and then, apparently as he realised the strength of feeling among his own supporters, making it known that he had spoken on the telephone to the soldier's father, re-assuring him that the legal process would be fair.
Israeli guard performs security check on a Palestinian in Jerusalem (09/03/16)Image copyrightAFP
Image captionTensions have been high for months across Israel and the West Bank amid a wave of stabbings
This is not of course the first time that Israel has found itself in the middle of a controversy like this - there are well-known examples from the 1940s and 1980s amongst others, where security forces were accused of carrying out extra-judicial killings of militants.
But Israeli liberals, like the columnist from the Haaretz newspaper Ari Shavit, appear a little taken aback at the strength of right-wing sentiment surrounding the case and are inclined to attribute it to a change in the nature of right-wing politics here from old-fashioned conservatism to radical populism.
"The new kind of populist right-wingers don't respect the rule of law and human rights in the way the old conservative right used to," Mr Shavit told the BBC.
"You have a very complex surprising situation where there is a lot of positive popular pressure in the wrong way, while the military establishment in many ways is trying to keep Israel's old values."
This case is far from over - whatever the charges the soldier faces and whatever the initial verdict of the courts, it is reasonable to assume that years of appeals and counter-appeals will follow.
But slowly the political debate that surrounds the case whatever the outcome will help to define how Israeli attitudes towards such cases are changing over time

Panama Papers: Disputed £17m Modigliani painting sequestered in Geneva

A £17m ($25m) painting has been sequestered in Geneva after leaked documents from law firm Mossack Fonseca appeared to reveal its disputed owners.
An art dealer's estate wants the art-collecting Nahmad family to return the Amadeo Modigliani work, which it claims the Nazis seized in World War Two.
The family said International Art Center (IAC) held the work. The papers showed David Nahmad owned that company.
Geneva judicial authorities said a "criminal procedure" had begun.
Spokesman Henri Della Casa said proceedings had opened "within the framework of the revelations linked to the Panama Papers".
He added the 1918 work, Seated Man with a Cane, had been sequestered "late last week" - meaning it cannot be moved from its current location - in the Swiss city's Freeports.
The family of Oscar Stettiner, a Jewish art dealer, claimed he originally owned the painting before fleeing Paris in 1939 - an assertion the Nahmad family dispute.
Since 2011, Stettiner's grandson Philippe Maestracci has been attempting to recover the work through the US courts.
However, US authorities have struggled to establish the ownership of the painting as the Nahmads claimed in court the Panama-based IAC held it.
After the leaked papers, obtained along with millions of others by the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists, revealed Nahmad as the owner of IAC, he told Radio Canada he "could not sleep at night if I knew I owned a looted object".
Reacting to the leak, the family's lawyer Richard Golub said it was "irrelevant" who owned the company, as "the main thing is what are the issues in the case, and can the plaintiff prove them?"

Panama Papers - tax havens of the rich and powerful exposed

  • Eleven million documents held by the Panama-based law firm Mossack Fonseca have been passed to German newspaper Sueddeutsche Zeitung, which then shared them with the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists. BBC Panorama and UK newspaper The Guardian are among 107 media organisations in 76 countries which have been analysing the documents. The BBC does not know the identity of the source
  • They show how the company has helped clients launder money, dodge sanctions and evade tax
  • Mossack Fonseca says it has operated beyond reproach for 40 years and never been accused or charged with criminal wrongdoing
  • Tricks of the trade: How assets are hidden and taxes evaded
  • Panama Papers: Full coverage; follow reaction on Twitter using #PanamaPapers; in the BBC News app, follow the tag "Panama Papers"

Bulgarian vigilantes filmed tying up migrants

Amateur video shot in Bulgaria shows vigilantes arresting three migrants and tying their hands behind their backs as they lie on the ground in a wood.
One of the vigilantes tells them: "No Bulgaria - go back [to] Turkey."
The video was shot in Strandja, a mountainous area near the Turkish border, the Bulgarian BTV news website reported.
Bulgarian border police chief Antonio Angelov, quoted by BTV, said such an arrest of migrants was illegal.
Bulgaria has erected a razor-wire fence along 95km (59 miles) of its 269-km border with Turkey.
According to Mr Angelov, the three migrants shown in the video said they were Afghans. The video was the main story across Bulgarian TV on Monday.
The vigilantes - at least one of them armed with a machete - stood over the three and one was heard telling them in broken English to return to Turkey. The migrants appeared frightened and were not resisting.

Macedonia tensions

Bulgaria's neighbour Greece was embroiled in a row with Macedonia on Monday over rough treatment of migrants at the Idomeni border crossing on Sunday.
Medical charity MSF said 260 people were hurt when Macedonian security forces fired tear gas as hundreds of migrants tried to cross the border. Thirty were hit by rubber bullets, including three children under 10, MSF said. Tensions were still high at the border on Monday.
Greek Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras condemned the use of tear gas and rubber bullets, describing the violence as "a big disgrace for European civilisation".
But Macedonia insisted its security forces had not used rubber bullets, adding that 23 of its security forces had been wounded. Police had repeatedly asked Greek officials to secure the border, the foreign affairs ministry said.
More than 11,000 migrants have been camping at Idomeni for weeks in wretched conditions.
Greece remains the chief Balkan transit country for migrants - many of them fleeing the Syrian war - who hope to reach northern Europe.
There is concern that Greek deportations of migrants to Turkey, approved by the EU, may be violating the rights of some refugees.
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Praise for vigilantes

Vigilantes became involved in the migrant crisis in Bulgaria earlier this year. Dinko Valev, a Bulgarian trader in spare parts for buses, became a national celebrity in February after starting to patrol the Turkish border "hunting" for migrants.
He won national praise for subduing a group of 12 Syrian men, three women and a child. Mobile phone footage showed the migrants lying on the ground, waiting for the police, while he insulted them.
Last week Bulgaria's border police gave an award to a volunteer "border patrol" which detained 23 refugees near the Turkish border, the Balkan Insight news website reported.
Mr Angelov said the vigilantes had acted "very appropriately", but he cautioned that such patrols were "very risky" and urged them to inform the police about any future patrols.
More than a million undocumented refugees and other migrants have entered the EU by boat from Turkey to Greece since January 2015, generating an unprecedented crisis for the EU's 28 member states.